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John
Kinsella is the author of twenty books whose many
prizes and awards include The Grace Leven Poetry Prize,
the John Bray Award for Poetry from The Adelaide Festival,
The Age Poetry Book of The Year Award, The Western Australian
Premier's Prize for Poetry (twice), a Young Australian
Creative Fellowship from the former PM of Australia,
Paul Keating, and senior Fellowships from the Literature
Board of The Australia Council. His Poems 1980 -
1994 and volume of poetry The Hunt (a Poetry
Book Society Recommendation) were published in May 1998
by Bloodaxe in the UK and USA, The Undertow: New
& Selected Poems (Arc, U.K), Visitants (Bloodaxe,
1999), and Wheatlands (with Dorothy Hewett in
2000). He is the editor of the international literary
journal Salt, a Consultant Editor to Westerly
(CSAL, University of Western Australia), Cambridge correspondent
for Overland (Melbourne, Australia), co-editor
of the British literary journal Stand, International
Editor of the American journal The Kenyon Review,
and a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge. A novel
Genre was published in 1997 (Fremantle Arts Centre
Press) and Grappling Eros in late 1998 (FACP).
He co-edited (with Joseph Parisi) a double issue of
Australian poetry for the American journal Poetry
and has been appointed the Richard L Thomas Professor
of Creative Writing at Kenyon College in the United
States for 2001. He is a Fellow of Churchill College,
Cambridge University, and Adjunct Professor to Edith
Cowan University, Western Australia. His work has been
or is being translated into many languages, including
French, German, Chinese, and Dutch.
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Statement
for Dialogues of Cultures Conference, New York, United
Nations
by John Kinsella
These remarks are prefatory. Not in a way, I'd hope,
that dictates the possible ensuing text, or, indeed,
to indicate that any text might in fact follow. From
the Hegelian refutation of the preface for a philosophical
work, to the observation of Derrida that "Prefaces,
along with forewords, introductions, preludes, preliminaries,
preambles, prologues, and prolegomena, have always
been written, it seems, in view of their own self-effacement";
through to his question via routes, marks, and erasure:
"But does a preface exist?" [Derrida, Dissemination,
Chicago, p9], we might be rightfully suspicious of
the integrity of the prefatory comment, its allusion
to a whole, its "residue" that will inform and tyrannise
our reading of the "main" data, inscription. So, this
is a warning. To myself, to the group as a whole.
If we are looking for conclusions, for closure, we
are sadly misguided. A conclusion would be absolutism:
the consequences would be narrowness and inclusivity.
Our responsibility is to question, to open our discussion
to a wider audience, to create a space for poetic
dialogue. We must accept that we will create nothing
more than a preface, that the main text is unreachable,
that it will always elude us. And this is desirable.
I'd
like to suggest an expression for the occasion, one
I've found useful over the years in such contexts:
international regionalism. If globalism is about ironing
out the differences on the level of the international
marketplace structures and bureaucracy, an ism driven
by a lust for markets and profits, international regionalism
is the opposite. It is the process of opening international
lines of communication while respecting regional integrity.
Difference is good, desirable, and not the individual's
to negate outside his or her own self and community.
The World Wide Web has been friendly to international
regionalists - one can retain a sense of place physically,
and enter the international source of the net. But
how international is it? Most people log on to sites
in one language, and though all or most national languages
have a presence, many dialects and hybridised tongues
don't. And languages change and evolve; the movement
is significant. How does the net cope with this? Of
course, in itself, it doesn't. It is without ethics.
Protocol, and the laws of individual countries and
international law, might restrict certain contexts
of availability, but ultimately it is the individuals,
communities, groups, governments, religions, and so
on, that constitute and direct it. The boundaries
between different spaces are highly fluid - filters
and firewalls are nominal infrastructural control.
English is it at the core of the web - the colonising
language to beat all colonising languages has found
another power vehicle. Be wary of this? It goes hand
in hand with decisions made on a global level within
the United Nations and its affiliate organisations.
Specific languages carry specific proto-cultural agendas.
The international regionalist is aware of this, and
moves through language barriers. I am not suggesting
a hyperspatial Esperanto, but I am suggesting a non-monolingual
approach to the issues of cooperation, sharing, and
understanding.
International
consensus is a variable in its effects. It can be
oppressive, as in the case of the sanctions against
Iraq, which work only in part in placing pressure
on the cruel regime of Saddam Hussein, but work in
entirety in oppressing the people, when it serves
the interests of the majority to isolate and destroy
a minority. It can be selective, when the environment
is contaminated by greed and profit, such as the selective
whaling ban that sees whales taken for research ending
up on commercial production lines. It is also exclusive
- recognised nation states having the only say, or
cultural minorities having their say diluted through
the process of departments, representatives, and collective
voices. More optimistically, consensus can be used
to insist a wrong is put to rights, or that the hypocrisy
of one of the above examples might be put right. Looking
to Lyotard we read:
…
the principle of consensus as a criterion of validation
seems to be inadequate. It has two formulations.
In the first, consensus is an agreement between
men, defined as knowing intellects and free wills,
and is obtained through dialogue. This is the form
elaborated by Habermas, but his conception is based
on the validity of emancipation. In the second,
consensus is a component of the system, which manipulates
it in order to maintain and improve its performance.
It is the object of administrative procedures, in
Luhmann's sense. In this case, its only validity
is as an instrument to be used toward achieving
the real goal, which is what legitimates the system
- power. [Lyotard, The Postmodern condition:
A Report on Knowledge, Minneapolis, 60]
Accepting
that we should be suspicious of any declaration of
a specific number of possible outcomes - two in this
case - and also of any text that qualifies with 'men'
instead of 'men/women' or 'people'; it is worth considering
this statement carefully. If we are to accept the
expression "Dialogue between cultures", which originally
came out of the marginalising and culturally insensitive
"Dialogue between civilizations", then we share territory
with the point Lyotard makes about dialogue between
individuals, or their representatives, and free will
and knowing intellects. We are aware of the conditions
of language and the social and cultural environments
in which we operate. The dialogue is framed by variables
that are recognisable. And our aim in coming together
from various parts of the globe is to discuss issues
relevant to language, to poetry, to the validity of
'presenting' poetry to an international or internationalised
audience. We will attempt to find points in common
and reach consensus, to mark the page, to mark space
with our shared goals. I am sure we'd all agree that
the outcome of such a course of discussion and epilogics
is desirable.
However,
we must be wary that the second possibility isn't
in fact the outcome. In some ways it is the more likely.
We talk about coordination, advocacy, missions, marketing,
fund-raising, implementation plans, and reports to
the Secretary-General of the United Nations; we talk
about an internationalism using the net that relies
on the sponsorship by countries operating within the
selective consensus of self-interest, of profit, and
the corporate colonisation that is globalisation.
If not, we are at least skirting these territories.
We run the risk of becoming that instrument that legitimises,
which reinforces power structures we might wish to
challenge as editors, as poets and writers.
A
poet is not necessarily going to challenge a power
structure, but I feel strongly that to evolve an ethical
consciousness, we must place pressure on language,
encourage its growth. It is clear that I feel the
poet is obliged to challenge the centrality of the
state, to challenge controls over free will and intellect.
But these expressions themselves are the product of
'Western Civilisation' - of a culturally appropriative
machine, a religion absorber, a product substituter,
and above all else, a systemiser of patriarchy*. Most
poetry canons are the extension of patriarchy. The
poem is the body inscribed with codes of conduct.
The four-line rhyming stanza, the Petrarchan sonnet,
all control the corporeal shifts of information. We
are obliged to test these forms - not to reject them,
which would lose control of context, but to challenge
and reinvent them. Recognise them for the controlling
forces they are. Han-shan, poet of "The Cold Mountain",
knew this twelve or thirteen hundred years ago, despising
"regulated verse". The poems of this Buddhist monk
recluse were collated from the page that is the tree,
the wall. [see Henricks, The Poetry of Han-Shan,
Albany, introduction]
Language
is a most effective colonising force when used aggressively,
but it is also a most liberating force. To articulate
is to define self and community. As poets we should
place pressure on language, to undermine it at the
points where it has become a control factor. This
is "linguistic disobedience". My call: REHABILITATION,
PREVENTION, and a linguistic disobedience.
If
we're aiming to utilise poetry as a means of cultural
dialogue, we must consider its liminality - where
it genre-shifts into prose, into other forms of expression.
To isolate this dialogue to "pure" poetry, if such
a thing exists, is to close off any number of possibilities.
It is also culturally disrespectful: the poetic unit
differs not only between languages and cultures, but
also within languages and cultures themselves. We
should also consider the place of visual art and music
in this exploration. If we start prioritising art,
it becomes just another commodity fetish.
To
develop an international web portal for poetry is
to open the possibility of religious and cultural
offence. The words that liberate for one people may
oppress another. The possibility of reply, of dialogue
on the site, should be created. Nothing should be
closed off. Copyright, for example, might be the writer's
only defence against a loss of income and exploitation
for a morally offensive purpose, but it is also the
straitjacket that helps maintain and legitimise the
system Lyotard notes. To control language is to empower
oneself, the group, the nation, and increments of
that. But to share and give language, to exchange
language, is to create something far more respectful
and liberating.
Apart
from issues of respecting regional and personal integrity,
the issue of how publications and ventures are funded
is significant. As someone who deeply objects to the
monetary market economy, I would ideally like these
processes to be driven by good will, exchange, and
community. Of course, this is just not going to happen.
It's not the world we live in - yet, at least. My
vegan anarchist pacifist small community barter-based
hope is certainly not immediately at hand, though
when one thinks about it, it is surprising how many
communities within oppressive state structures still
manage to operate in such ways in actuality, disguised
by a veneer of participation within the nation. Anyway,
given that money is going to be a factor, we must
consider what kind of funding we can attract, and
what kind of funding we want to attract.
The
present Australian government's treatment of indigenous
peoples in Australia is reprehensible - I certainly
wouldn't fund a dialogue using their money. Not would
I personally knowingly take money from companies exploiting
animals. Some of you might. Is this a consensus question,
with its obvious exclusivity, or is it a recognition
that internationalisation is only achievable through
an ongoing dialogue, a community of links if you like?
There are major net spaces that bring together different
literary journals, political and ethical groups, religious
groups and so on. Maybe the word comparative could
be used here. Do we want a controlling centre, or
do we want many smaller centres, or better still,
a series of fragments that are greater than the whole,
that never really add up but are constantly discussing,
disagreeing, exploring possibilities, accumulating
small outcomes as an on-going process?
*The
word patriarchy here is not used as part of an erasure
of difference among experiences of women worldwide,
but only to mean "the rule of the father.
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